Joints بالنسبة لفيزياء اولى

• Origin:
1. greater trochanter
2. lateral lip of linea aspera
3. lateral intermuscular septum
• Insertion:
1. common quadriceps tendon into patella
2. tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
• Action:
1. extends knee
2. can abnormally displace patella
Vastus intermedius
• Origin: anterior lateral aspect of the femoral shaft
• Insertion:
1. common quadriceps tendon into patella
2. tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
• Action: extends knee
Vastus medialis
• Origin:
1. intertrochanteric line of femur
2. medial aspect of linea aspera
• Insertion:
1. common quadriceps tendon into patella
2. tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action: extends kne Articularis genus
• Origin:
1. distal portion of anterior femoral surface, close to the knee
2. off the deep fibers of the vastus intermedius
• Insertion: synovial membrane of the knee joint
• Action:
1. pulls the synovial membrane of the knee superior with knee extension
2. prevents impingement of the synovial membrane between patella and the femur
• e
Psoas major
• Origin:
1. transverse processes of L1-L5
2. vertebral bodies of T12-L4 and the intervening intervertebral discs
• Insertion: iliopsoas tendon to the lesser trochanter of the femur
• Action:
1. hip flexion
2. lateral rotation
Illiacus
• Origin: inner surface of upper iliac fossa
• Insertion: iliopsoas tendon to the lesser trochanter of the femur
• Action:
1. powerful hip flexion
2. lateral rotation
Pectineus
• Origin:
1. pectineal line of the pubis
2. superior pubic ramus
• Insertion:
o the pectineal line of the femur
o (just below the lesser trochanter on the posterior aspect of the femur)
• Action:
0. flexes hip
1. adducts thigh
2. medially rotates thigh
• Posterior Leg Musculature Gastrocnemius
0. Origin:
 medial head: just above medial condyle of femur
 lateral head: just above lateral condyle of femur
1. Insertion: calcaneus via lateral portion of calcaneal tendon
2. Action:
 plantarflex the ankle
 knee flexion (when not weight bearing)
 stabilizes ankle & knee when standing
• Soleus
0. Origin:
 upper fibula
 soleal line of tibia
1. Insertion: calcaneus via medial portion of calcaneal tendon
2. Action: plantarflex the foot
• Plantaris
0. Origin: above the lateral head of gastrocnemius on femur
1. Insertion: calcaneus, medial to calcaneal tendon, or blending with the calcaneal tendon
2. Action: like a weak gastrocnemius
• Popliteus
0. Origin:
 lateral femoral condyle
 arcuate popliteal ligament
 lateral meniscus
 knee joint capsule
1. Insertion: posterior tibial surface above the soleal line
2. Action:
 insertion fixed: laterally rotates femur on tibia & unlocks knee
 origin fixed: medially rotates tibia on femur & unlocks knee
• Flexor digitorum longus
0. Origin:
 posterior surface of tibia
 crural fascia
1. Insertion: plantar surface of bases of the 2-5th distal phalanges
2. Action:
 primarily flexes 2nd - 5th toes
 weak plantarflexor
 weak inversion & adduction of foot
• Tibialis posterior
0. Origin:
 posterior, proximal tibia
 interosseous membrane
 medial surface of fibula
1. Insertion:
 navicular tuberosity (principle)
 all 3 cuneiforms (plantar surface)
 bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals
 cuboid
 sustentaculum tali of calcaneus
2. Action:
 stabilizes ankle
 inversion & adduction of foot
 prevents hyperpronation while in gait
 weak plantarflexion of ankle
• Flexor hallucis longus
0. Origin:
 posterior, inferior 2/3 of fibula
 interosseous membrane
 crural fascia & posterior intermuscular septum
1. Insertion: plantar surface of distal phalanx of hallux
2. Action:
 flexes big toe (hallux)
 weak plantarflexion of the foot
 weak inversion & adduction of foot
• Anterolateral Leg Musculature Peroneus longus
0. Origin:
 head of the fibula
 proximal 2/3 of lateral fibula
 adjacent intermuscular septum
1. Insertion:
 plantar surface of cuboid
 base of 1st & (2nd) metatarsal
 plantar surface of medial cuneiform
2. Action:
 eversion & abduction of the foot
 weak plantarflexion of the foot at the transverse tarsal joint
• Peroneus brevis
0. Origin:
 distal 2/3 of lateral fibula
 posterior and anterior intermuscular septum
1. Insertion: tuberosity on lateral aspect of base of 5th metatarsal
2. Action:
 eversion & abduction of the foot
 weak plantarflexion of foot
• Tibialis anterior
0. Origin:
 lateral tibial condyle
 proximal 2/3 of anteriolateral surface of tibia
 interosseous membrane
 anterior intermuscular septum & crural fascia
1. Insertion:
 medial & plantar surface of base of 1st metatarsal
 medial & plantar surface of the cuneiform
2. Action:
 strongest dorsiflexor
 inverts & adducts the foot
• Extensor hallucis longus
0. Origin:
 medial aspect of the fibula
 interosseous membrane
 crural fascia
1. Insertion: dorsal surface of base of proximal and distal phalanx of hallux
2. Action:
 extends distal phalanx of big toe
 weak dorsiflexor
 weak inversion & adduction
• Extensor digitorum longus
o Origin:
1. lateral condyle of the tibia
2. upper anterior surface of fibula
3. interosseous membrane
4. crural fascia
o Insertion:
 dorsal surface of the bases of the middle & distal phalanxes of the 2nd-5th rays
 (via 4 tendons and giving a fibrous expansion)
o Action:
0. extends the lateral 4 toes
1. weak dorsiflexor & everts foot
• Peroneus tertius
o Origin:
0. distal 1/3 of anterior fibula
1. distal & lateral aspect of extensor digitorum
o Insertion: dorsal surface of base of 5th metatarsal
o Action:
0. extends the 5th toe
1. weak dorsiflexor & everts foot
• Foot Musculature Abductor hallucis
o Origin:
0. medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
1. flexor retinaculum
2. plantar aponeurosis
3. medial intermuscular septum
o Insertion: medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx of hallux
o Action:
0. flexes the big toe (primary action)
1. may assist in abduction of big toe
• Flexor digitorum brevis
o Origin:
1. medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
2. plantar aponeurosis
o Insertion:
 both sides of the bases of the middle phalanx of rays 2-5
 (each of the 4 tendons splits forming tunnel for FDL)
o Action: flexes toes 2-5
• Abductor digiti minimi
o Origin:
 lateral & medial processes of the calcaneal tuberosity
 plantar aponeurosis
 lateral intermuscular septum
o Insertion: lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of 5th ray
o Action:
 abducts 5th toe
 aids in flexing
• Abductor ossis metatarsi quinti
o Origin: from fibers of abductor digiti minimi
o Insertion: into the 5th metatarsal
o Action: abducts the 5th ray
• Quadratus plantae
o Origin:
1. medial head: medial calcaneus
2. lateral head: lateral calcaneus & long plantar ligament
o Insertion: